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Back to Vectrex Programming Tutorial Index
Appendix A
List of Vectrex ROM functions:
(by Bruce Tomlin, modified by Christopher Salomon)
Functionally ordered:
Overview of functional classes
1. Calibration/vector reset functions
2. Counter handling functions
3. Day to day functions
4. Delay functions
5. Drawing functions
5.1 Dot functions
5.2 String functions
5.3 Vector functions
5.3.1 Drawing only
5.3.2 Drawing and moving
6. Mathematical functions
7. Memory managment
7.1 Memory clear functions
7.2 Memory copy functions
7.3 Memory fill functions
8. Joystick handling functions
9. Player option functions
10. Reset and initializition functions
11. Score functions
12. Sound functions
13. Vector beam positioning functions
14. Vector brightness functions
15. Vector object handling functions
15.1. Object collision detection functions
15.2 Rotating functions
1. Calibration/vector reset functions
Check0Ref ($F34F)
Recalibrate ($F2E6)
Reset_Pen ($F35B)
Reset0Int ($F36B)
Reset0Ref ($F354)
Reset0Ref_D0 ($F34A)
Set_Refresh ($F1A2)
Wait_Recal ($F192)
2. Counter handling functions
Dec_3_Counters ($F55A)
Dec_6_Counters ($F55E)
Dec_Counters ($F563)
3. Day to day functions
Bitmask_a ($F57E)
Dec_3_Counters ($F55A)
Dec_6_Counters ($F55E)
Dec_Counters ($F563)
DP_to_C8 ($F1AF)
DP_to_D0 ($F1AA)
Print_Ships_x ($F391)
Print_Ships ($F393)
Random ($F517)
Random_3 ($F511)
4. Delay functions
Delay_0 ($F579)
Delay_1 ($F575)
Delay_2 ($F571)
Delay_3 ($F56D)
Delay_b ($F57A)
Delay_RTS ($F57D)
5. Drawing functions
5.1 Dot functions
Dot_d ($F2C3)
Dot_here ($F2C5)
Dot_ix_b ($F2BE)
Dot_ix ($F2C1)
Dot_List ($F2D5)
Dot_List_Reset ($F2DE)
5.2 String functions
Print_Str_d ($F37A)
Print_List ($F38A)
Print_List_chk ($F38C)
Print_List_hw ($F385)
Print_Str ($F495)
Print_Str_hwyx ($F373)
Print_Str_yx ($F378)
5.3 Vector functions
5.3.1 Drawing only
Draw_Grid_VL
($FF9F)
Draw_Line_d ($F3DF)
Draw_Pat_VL ($F437)
Draw_Pat_VL_a ($F434)
Draw_Pat_VL_d ($F439)
Draw_VL ($F3DD)
Draw_VL_a ($F3DA)
Draw_VL_ab ($F3D8)
Draw_VL_b ($F3D2)
Draw_VL_mode ($F46E)
Draw_VLc ($F3CE)
Draw_VLcs ($F3D6)
Draw_VLp ($F410)
Draw_VLp_7F ($F408)
Draw_VLp_b ($F40E)
Draw_VLp_FF ($F404)
Draw_VLp_scale
($F40C)
5.3.2 Drawing and moving
Mov_Draw_VL ($F3BC)
Mov_Draw_VL_ab
($F3B7)
Mov_Draw_VL_a
($F3B9)
Mov_Draw_VL_d ($F3BE)
Mov_Draw_VLc_a
($F3AD)
Mov_Draw_VLc_b
($F3B1)
Mov_Draw_VLcs ($F3B5)
6. Mathematical functions
Abs_a_b ($F584)
Abs_b ($F58B)
Bitmask_a ($F57E)
7. Memory managment
7.1 Memory clear functions
Clear_C8_RAM ($F542)
Clear_x_b ($F53F)
Clear_x_d ($F548)
Clear_x_256 ($F545)
Clear_Score ($F84F)
Clear_Sound ($F272)
7.2 Memory copy functions
Move_Mem_a ($F683)
Move_Mem_a_1 ($F67F)
7.3 Memory fill functions
Clear_x_b_80 ($F550)
Clear_x_b_a ($F552)
8. Joystick handling functions
Joy_Analog ($F1F5)
Joy_Digital ($F1F8)
Read_Btns_Mask ($F1B4)
Read_Btns ($F1BA)
9. Player option functions
Display_Option ($F835)
Select_Game ($F7A9)
10. Reset and initializition functions
Cold_Start ($F000)
Init_OS ($F18B)
Init_OS_RAM ($F164)
Init_VIA ($F14C)
Recalibrate ($F2E6)
Reset_Pen ($F35B)
Reset0Int ($F36B)
Reset0Ref ($F354)
Reset0Ref_D0 ($F34A)
Wait_Recal ($F192)
Warm_Start ($F06C)
11. Score functions
Add_Score_a ($F85E)
Add_Score_d ($F87C)
Clear_Score ($F84F)
Compare_Score ($F8C7)
New_High_Score ($F8D8)
Strip_Zeros ($F8B7)
12. Sound functions
Clear_Sound ($F272)
Do_Sound ($F289)
Do_Sound_x ($F28C)
Init_Music ($F68D)
Init_Music_Buf ($F533)
Init_Music_chk ($F687)
Init_Music_dft ($F692)
Explosion_Snd ($F92E)
Sound_Byte ($F256)
Sound_Byte_x ($F259)
Sound_Byte_raw ($F25B)
Sound_Bytes ($F27D)
Sound_Bytes_x ($F284)
13. Vector beam positioning functions
Check0Ref ($F34F)
Moveto_d ($F312)
Moveto_d_7F ($F2FC)
Moveto_ix ($F310)
Moveto_ix_7F ($F30C)
Moveto_ix_b ($F30E)
Moveto_ix_FF ($F308)
Moveto_x_7F ($F2F2)
Reset_Pen ($F35B)
Reset0Int ($F36B)
Reset0Ref ($F354)
Reset0Ref_D0 ($F34A)
Wait_Recal ($F192)
14. Vector brightness functions
Intensity_1F ($F29D)
Intensity_3F ($F2A1)
Intensity_5F ($F2A5)
Intensity_7F ($F2A9)
Intensity_a ($F2AB)
Reset_Pen ($F35B)
Wait_Recal ($F192)
15. Vector object handling functions
15.1 Object collision detection functions
Obj_Hit ($F8FF)
Obj_Will_Hit ($F8F3)
Obj_Will_Hit_u ($F8E5)
15.2 Rotating functions
Get_Rise_Idx ($F5D9)
Get_Run_Idx ($F5DB)
Rise_Run_Angle ($F593)
Rise_Run_Idx ($F5EF)
Rise_Run_Len ($F603)
Rise_Run_X ($F5FF)
Rise_Run_Y ($F601)
Rot_VL ($F616)
Rot_VL_ab ($F610)
Rot_VL_M_dft ($F62B)
Rot_VL_Mode ($F61F)
Xform_Rise ($F663)
Xform_Rise_a ($F661)
Xform_Run ($F65D)
Xform_Run_a ($F65B)
Alphabetically ordered:
A
Abs_a_b ($F584)
Abs_b ($F58B)
Add_Score_a ($F85E)
Add_Score_d ($F87C)
B
Bitmask_a ($F57E)
C
Check0Ref ($F34F)
Clear_C8_RAM ($F542)
Clear_Score ($F84F)
Clear_Sound ($F272)
Clear_x_256 ($F545)
Clear_x_b ($F53F)
Clear_x_b_80 ($F550)
Clear_x_b_a ($F552)
Clear_x_d ($F548)
Cold_Start ($F000)
Compare_Score ($F8C7)
D
Dec_3_Counters ($F55A)
Dec_6_Counters ($F55E)
Dec_Counters ($F563)
Delay_0 ($F579)
Delay_1 ($F575)
Delay_2 ($F571)
Delay_3 ($F56D)
Delay_b ($F57A)
Delay_RTS ($F57D)
Display_Option ($F835)
Do_Sound ($F289)
Do_Sound_x ($F28C)
Dot_d ($F2C3)
Dot_here ($F2C5)
Dot_ix_b ($F2BE)
Dot_ix ($F2C1)
Dot_List ($F2D5)
Dot_List_Reset ($F2DE)
DP_to_C8 ($F1AF)
DP_to_D0 ($F1AA)
Draw_Grid_VL ($FF9F)
Draw_Line_d ($F3DF)
Draw_Pat_VL ($F437)
Draw_Pat_VL_a ($F434)
Draw_Pat_VL_d ($F439)
Draw_VL ($F3DD)
Draw_VL_a ($F3DA)
Draw_VL_ab ($F3D8)
Draw_VL_b ($F3D2)
Draw_VL_mode ($F46E)
Draw_VLc ($F3CE)
Draw_VLcs ($F3D6)
Draw_VLp ($F410)
Draw_VLp_7F ($F408)
Draw_VLp_b ($F40E)
Draw_VLp_FF ($F404)
Draw_VLp_scale ($F40C)
E
Explosion_Snd ($F92E)
G
Get_Rise_Idx ($F5D9)
Get_Run_Idx ($F5DB)
I
Init_Music ($F68D)
Init_Music_Buf ($F533)
Init_Music_chk ($F687)
Init_Music_dft ($F692)
Init_OS ($F18B)
Init_OS_RAM ($F164)
Init_VIA ($F14C)
Intensity_1F ($F29D)
Intensity_3F ($F2A1)
Intensity_5F ($F2A5)
Intensity_7F ($F2A9)
Intensity_a ($F2AB)
J
Joy_Analog ($F1F5)
Joy_Digital ($F1F8)
M
Mov_Draw_VL ($F3BC)
Mov_Draw_VL_ab ($F3B7)
Mov_Draw_VL_a ($F3B9)
Mov_Draw_VL_d ($F3BE)
Mov_Draw_VLc_a ($F3AD)
Mov_Draw_VLc_b ($F3B1)
Mov_Draw_VLcs ($F3B5)
Move_Mem_a ($F683)
Move_Mem_a_1 ($F67F)
Moveto_d ($F312)
Moveto_d_7F ($F2FC)
Moveto_ix ($F310)
Moveto_ix_7F ($F30C)
Moveto_ix_b ($F30E)
Moveto_ix_FF ($F308)
Moveto_x_7F ($F2F2)
N
New_High_Score ($F8D8)
O
Obj_Hit ($F8FF)
Obj_Will_Hit ($F8F3)
Obj_Will_Hit_u ($F8E5)
P
Print_Str_d ($F37A)
Print_List ($F38A)
Print_List_chk ($F38C)
Print_List_hw ($F385)
Print_Ships_x ($F391)
Print_Ships ($F393)
Print_Str ($F495)
Print_Str_hwyx ($F373)
Print_Str_yx ($F378)
R
Random ($F517)
Random_3 ($F511)
Read_Btns_Mask ($F1B4)
Read_Btns ($F1BA)
Recalibrate ($F2E6)
Reset_Pen ($F35B)
Reset0Int ($F36B)
Reset0Ref ($F354)
Reset0Ref_D0 ($F34A)
Rise_Run_Angle ($F593)
Rise_Run_Idx ($F5EF)
Rise_Run_Len ($F603)
Rise_Run_X ($F5FF)
Rise_Run_Y ($F601)
Rot_VL ($F616)
Rot_VL_ab ($F610)
Rot_VL_M_dft ($F62B)
Rot_VL_Mode ($F61F)
S
Select_Game ($F7A9)
Set_Refresh ($F1A2)
Sound_Byte ($F256)
Sound_Byte_x ($F259)
Sound_Byte_raw ($F25B)
Sound_Bytes ($F27D)
Sound_Bytes_x ($F284)
Strip_Zeros ($F8B7)
W
Wait_Recal ($F192)
Warm_Start ($F06C)
X
Xform_Rise ($F663)
Xform_Rise_a ($F661)
Xform_Run ($F65D)
Xform_Run_a ($F65B)
Other Rom Addresses
$F9DC Bit_Masks
$F9E4 Music_Table_1
$F9EA Music_Table_2
$F9F0 Recal_Points
$F9F4 Char_Table
$FC24 angle_data1
$FC2C angle_data2
$FC6D rotation_pair_table
$FC8D Freq_Table
$FD0D power-on music and music for Crazy Coaster and Narrow
Escape
$FD1D music for Berzerk
$FD69 ADSR table for Berzerk and FF7A
$FD79 twang table for Berzerk and Scramble
$FD81 music
$FDC3 ADSR table for FD81 and FF8F
$FDD3 music for Scramble
$FE28 ADSR table for Scramble, FF26, FF44, FF62
$FE38 music for Solar Quest
$FE66 ADSR table for Solar Quest
$FE76 music
$FEB2 ADSR table for FE76
$FEB6 "flat" twang table
$FEC6 music
$FEE8 ADSR table for FEC6
$FEF8 music for Melody Master
$FF16 ADSR table for FEF8
$FF26 music
$FF44 music
$FF62 music
$FF7A music
$FF8F music
ROM Reference (by
Bruce Tomlin)
Addr Name DP Inreg Outreg Trashreg
---- --------------- --- ------- ------- --------
F000 Start -- -- --
F06C Warm_Start -- -- --
F14C INIT_VIA =D0 DP D,X
F164 Init_OS_RAM =C8 DP D,X
F18B Init_OS =D0 DP D,X
F192 Wait_Recal =D0 DP D,X
F1A2 Set_Refresh D0 D
F1AA DP_to_D0 =D0 A,DP
F1AF DP_to_C8 =C8 A,DP
F1B4 Read_Btns_Mask D0 A A B,X
F1BA Read_Btns D0 A B,X
F1F5 Joy_Analog D0 D,X
F1F8 Joy_Digital D0 D,X
F256 Sound_Byte D0 X D
F259 Sound_Byte_x D0 A,B,X D
F25B Sound_Byte_raw D0
F272 Clear_Sound D0 D,X
F27D Sound_Bytes D0 U D,X,U
F284 Sound_Bytes_x D0 X,U D,X,U
F289 Do_Sound D0 D,X,U
F28C Do_Sound_x D0 D,X,U
F29D Intensity_1F D0 D
F2A1 Intensity_3F D0 D
F2A5 Intensity_5F D0 D
F2A9 Intensity_7F D0 D
F2AB Intensity_a D0 A D
F2BE Dot_ix_b D0 B,X D
F2C1 Dot_ix D0 X D
F2C3 Dot_d D0 A,B D
F2C5 Dot_here D0 D
F2D5 Dot_List D0 X X D
F2DE Dot_List_Reset D0 X X D
F2E6 Recalibrate D0 D,X
F2F2 Moveto_x_7F D0 X D
F2FC Moveto_d_7F D0 A,B D
F308 Moveto_ix_FF D0 X X D
F30C Moveto_ix_7F D0 X X D
F30E Moveto_ix_a D0 X,A X D
F310 Moveto_ix D0 X X D
F312 Moveto_d D0 A,B D
F34A Reset0Ref_D0 =D0 DP D
F34F Check0Ref D0 D
F354 Reset0Ref D0 D
F35B Reset_Pen D0 D
F36B Reset0Int D0 D
F373 Print_Str_hwyx D0 U U D,X
F378 Print_Str_yx D0 U U D,X
F37A Print_Str_d D0 A,B,U U D,X
F385 Print_List_hw D0 U U D,X
F38A Print_List D0 U U D,X
F38C Print_List_chk D0 U U D,X
F391 Print_Ships_x D0 A,B,X D,X,U
F393 Print_Ships D0 A,B,X D,X,U
F3AD Mov_Draw_VLc_a D0 X X D count y x y x ...
F3B1 Mov_Draw_VL_b D0 B,X X D y x y x ...
F3B5 Mov_Draw_VLcs D0 X X D count scale y x ...
F3B7 Mov_Draw_VL_ab D0 A,B,X X D y x y x ...
F3B9 Mov_Draw_VL_a D0 A,X X D y x y x ...
F3BC Mov_Draw_VL D0 X X D y x y x ...
F3BE Mov_Draw_VL_d D0 D,X X D y x y x ...
F3CE Draw_VLc D0 X X D count y x y x ...
F3D2 Draw_VL_b D0 B,X X D y x y x ...
F3D6 Draw_VLcs D0 X X D count scale y x ...
F3D8 Draw_VL_ab D0 A,B,X X D y x y x ...
F3DA Draw_VL_a D0 A,X X D y x y x ...
F3DD Draw_VL D0 X X D y x y x ...
F3DF Draw_Line_d D0 A,B X D y x y x ...
F404 Draw_VLp_FF D0 X X D pat y x ... $01
F408 Draw_VLp_7F D0 X X D pat y x ... $01
F40C Draw_VLp_scale D0 X X D scale pat y x ... $01
F40E Draw_VLp_b D0 B,X X D pat y x ... $01
F410 Draw_VLp D0 X X D pat y x ... $01
F434 Draw_Pat_VL_a D0 A,X X D y x y x ...
F437 Draw_Pat_VL D0 X X D y x y x ...
F439 Draw_Pat_VL_d D0 D,X X D y x y x ...
F46E Draw_VL_mode D0 X X D mode y x ... $01
F495 Print_Str D0 U U D,X
F511 Random_3 -- A
F517 Random -- A
F533 Init_Music_Buf -- D,X
F53F Clear_x_b -- B,X D
F542 Clear_C8_RAM -- D,X
F545 Clear_x_256 -- X D
F548 Clear_x_d -- D,X D
F550 Clear_x_b_80 -- B,X A,B
F552 Clear_x_b_a -- A,B,X B
F55A Dec_3_Counters -- X,B
F55E Dec_6_Counters -- X,B
F563 Dec_Counters -- B,X B
F56D Delay_3 -- B 30 cycles
F571 Delay_2 -- B 25 cycles
F575 Delay_1 -- B 20 cycles
F579 Delay_0 -- B 12 cycles
F57A Delay_b -- B B 5*B + 10 cycles
F57D Delay_RTS -- 5 cycles
F57E Bitmask_a -- A A X
F584 Abs_a_b -- A,B A,B
F58B Abs_b -- B B
F593 Rise_Run_Angle C8 A,B A,B
F5D9 Get_Rise_Idx -- A A,B X
F5DB Get_Run_Idx -- A A,B X
F5EF Rise_Run_Idx C8 D
F5FF Rise_Run_X C8 A,B
F601 Rise_Run_Y C8 A,B
F603 Rise_Run_Len C8 A,B A,B
F610 Rot_VL_ab =C8 A,B,X,U DP,X,U D y x y x ...
F616 Rot_VL =C8 X,U DP,X,U D y x y x ...
F61F Rot_VL_Mode C8 A,X,U X,U D mode y x ... $01
F62B Rot_VL_M_dft C8 X,U X,U D mode y x ... $01
F65B Xform_Run_a C8 A A B
F65D Xform_Run C8 A B
F661 Xform_Rise_a C8 A A B
F663 Xform_Rise C8 A B
F67F Move_Mem_a_1 -- A,X,U A,B
F683 Move_Mem_a -- A,X,U A,B
F687 Init_Music_chk C8 U D,X,Y,U
F68D Init_Music C8 U D,X,Y,U
F692 Init_Music_dft C8 U D,X,Y,U
F7A9 Select_Game =C8 A,B DP D,X,Y
F835 Display_Option D0 A,Y D,X,U
F84F Clear_Score -- X D
F85E Add_Score_a -- A,X,U D
F87C Add_Score_d -- D,X,U D
F8B7 Strip_Zeros -- B,X D
F8C7 Compare_Score -- X,U A B
F8D8 New_High_Score -- X,U X,U,D
F8E5 Obj_Will_Hit_u -- D,X,Y,U C-flag
F8F3 Obj_Will_Hit -- D,X,Y,U C-flag
F8FF Obj_Hit -- D,X,Y C-flag
F92E Explosion_Snd C8 U D,X
FF9F Draw_Grid_VL D0 X,Y X,Y D
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